When David returned once again to Tette, England’s answer to his letters was waiting for him. The first assembly of workers had arrived on a light steamer called the Pioneer. They went back to Lake Nyassa. Then David left the missionaries and travelled north to the city of Zanzibar. Here the slave trade was the grievous of all. David rented a light ship and sailed south again. On foot, all the villages that he passed were empty and burned, the people had been taken by the slave traders. They went up North again, food was running low and David’s medicine trunk was stolen. Without medicine David suffered eternally with fever. David needed to reach Ujiji, an Arab outpost on the east shore of Lake Tanganyika, about three hundred miles west of Lake Nyassa.
Meanwhile England newspapers wondered if David Livingstone was missing, or dead? News reached America. An American man went to find out what had happened to David Livingstone. He arrived in Ujiji with two hundred native porters wearing packs. Oxen pulled wagons overflowing with bundles. The American recognized David Livingstone, he was unsubstantial, his clothes hung loosely on him.

An American, Gordon Bennet, publisher for the New York Herald, wanted to know what had happened to David Livingstone, the pioneer of the Victoria Falls. So he delivered Henry Morton Stanley to find him. Stanley brought provisions for David, and letters from his children. He stayed for over four months. The two became devoted friends. After Stanley left, David went on a last excursion.

He wanted to find a river called Laupula, which was said to be the beginning of the Nile River.
They didn’t make it, in Chitambo’s village near Molilamo David Livingstone died. It was 4th May 1873.
In Westminister Abbey, in London where he is buried you can find a headstone with the following words:
Brought by faithful hands over land and over sea. Here rests DAVID LIVINGSTONE, Missionary Traveller, Philanthropist. Born March 19, 1813, at Blantyre, Lanarkshire. Died May 4th, 1873, at Chitambo’s Village, Ilala. For thirty years his life was spent in an unwearied effort to evangelize the native races, to explore the undiscovered secrets. And abolish the desolating slave-trade of central Africa, where, with his last words, he wrote: “All I can say in my solitude is, May heaven’s rich blessing come down on every one – American, English, Turk – who will help to heal the open sore of the world.”

For supplementary facts on Victoria Falls or David Livingstone, visit https://www.livingstonesadventure.com. This is the last installment of a four part series of articles about David Livingstone to be found on this website. I trust the facts provided was useful.

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David and his nomadic companions went North again, and crossed the Chobe river. There they were reunited with their friends, the Makololo people. David told of his wish to launch a road from the coast into the centre of the country.
Twenty seven young Makololo men went with David.
They determined to travel along the Zambezi River just before it turned to the east. Then they would abandon the Zambezi and advance westward on the Kassai River, then north west on the Kwango river to the Lucalla River. Then it would be due west on to Loanda on the coast. It was an unending and exhausting journey. It took beyond six months and then they at long last reached the sea. David sent his journals back to England by ship. In all his travels he had written about places, people, the land, the rivers, the mountains and the slave trade. His learning would later prove very important to the world in understanding much of the land then called the ‘Dark Continent’. His authored accounts would do much to cease the slavery in the human race. He saw the waterfall Mosi-Ao-Tunya and named them Victoria Falls after his queen on 17th of November 1855.
They started back to Linyanti. They came into Libonta, the first village of Chief Sekeletu, as heroes. The chief was enthusiastic to hear that they had found a way to the west coast. David related that it was a long hard way and that he wondered if it would be better if they travelled ahead the Zambezi river. Chief Sekeletu sent David out anew. This time he sent him with 120 men. Sekeletu himself joined them.

They travelled along the Chobe river to where it met the Zambezi River. It was March 1856. They came to Tette an inland Portuguese station on the Zambezi River. They were about 300 miles from the coast.
David was very faint. A commander of the Portuguese army stationed in Tette took him into his cabin to energize. When he was robust enough he arranged his Makololo friends on plantations to earn a living until his return, and he went to the port city of Quilimane where he boarded a ship for home.

David reached London on the 9th of December 1856. The family celebrated Christmas as a group for the first time in five years. In the sixteen years that he had been elsewhere England had made him a celebrity. By cause of of his journals and written accounts about him, his home country had not abandoned him. His written accounts on the slave trade had affected up an anger within the nation and the whole world, against the indecency of slavery.
David travelled over eleven thousand miles of African territory. In his wanderings he had made meticulous recordings of the continent. His career was now filled with speeches to Universities, lectures to scientific groups, meetings with authority officials, invitations to social gatherings and even an invitation from the Queen of England. He was made an honorary doctor of sciences by the university of Glascow. And he wrote a book. In February 1858, he had been given a directed commission as Her Majesty’s Consul at Quilimane for the Eastern Coast and the independent districts in the interior, and commander of an expedition for exploring eastern and central Africa. He wanted to find a healthy place, high in altitude, in central Africa where missionaries could educate natives to be teachers and preachers. He wanted to open routes for dealing.

For supplementary data on Victoria Falls or David Livingstone, visit https://www.livingstonesadventure.com. This is part 3 in a four part series of articles about David Livingstone to be found on this website.

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David stayed in Mabotsa for a lengthened time. The villagers helped him build a brick home and he lived with them and trained their children. His friend Robert Moffat conveyed word that he was returning to Kuruman. So David went to meet him. It was then that he met Mary, Robert’s eldest daughter. In a short time they were engaged. Mr. Moffat had been born in Africa and knew well the duties and hardships of missionary existence. It took some time to prepare for the marriage rite, have a home achieved and commission for a marriage license from England.

The village had a marriage festivity for David Livingstone and Mary Moffat when Mary arrived.
David and Mary recognized that the time had come to move on, they packed all of their personal possessions and moved up north to a village of Chonuane, forty miles to the north. David built a school and another stone domicile. They had their first descendant here, a son. They named him Robert after Mary’s father. It was a very dehydrated place, and when it came time to move on the local people went with the Livingstones. They settled in a village that they called Kolobeng. They built a school, irrigated and created gardens and stayed there for a few years. Mary and David had two more offspring, Thomas and Agnes.
David and his family then travelled on to Lake Ngami. They wanted to reach “the land of many rivers” but travel was wearying and the children were often ill because of the hard living terrain. Little did David know that he was about to discover the Victoria Falls.

For likewise information on Victoria Falls or David Livingstone, visit https://www.livingstonesadventure.com. This is part 1 in a four part series of articles about David Livingstone to be found on this website.

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Victoria Falls Water Flow:
The flow of water varies notably from season to season. Just after the rainy season in March or April the volume going over the falls in one minute is around half a million cubic metres, but in the dry season occurring in December it can be less than a twentieth of this. The advantageous time to view the falls is possibly some time between these two extremes as when the falls are in abounding flood one cannot get close to them in safety. They are nonetheless spectacular when not in full flood in that they are not obscured by the spray.
David Livingstone believed that the falls had been introduced by some terrific burst in the earths crust in the distant past. Geographic attestation now shows that the present chasm is the eighth in a succession which has worked it’s way upstream over many many years.

Formation of the Victoria Falls:
The falls have a width of 1708 metres and a height of 108 metres. This forms the largest sheet of falling water in the world. For quite a way upstream from the falls, the Zambezi river flows over a sheet of basalt in a shallow depression bound by sandstone hills. The rivers flow is dotted with many little islands that rise in number as the river gets toward to the falls. There are no mountains, deep valleys or escarpments that would be expected to create a waterfall. There is only an ample flat plateau.
There is an abundant chasm, carved by the water into the plateau wherewith the water from the river takes a single vertical drop over a 1708 metre wide area and plummets into a gorge. The depth of the gorge, called the First Gorge, is 80 metres deep on the western end and 108 metres deep in the centre. An outlet to the First Gorge, the only one is a 110 metre wide aperture about two thirds of the way across the width of the falls from the western end, through this outlet, the complete volume of the river pours into the Victoria Falls gorges.

The Islands of The Victoria Falls:
At the crest of the falls there are two Islands. Boaruka Island (or Cataract Island) near the western bank and Livingstone Island near the center. Livingstone Island is the place from which David Livingstone had his first impression of the falls from Zambia. These islands are big enough to divide the curtains of water, even at full flood. When it is less than brimming flood other islets divide the curtain of water into separate streams. The main streams are called Devil’s Cataract (known as Leaping Water to some), Main Falls, Rainbow Falls and Eastern Cataract.

Rainy Season in The Victoria Falls:
The rainy season is from late November to early April and the dry season is for the rest of the year. The Zambezi river’s annual flood season is from February to May with the maximum in April. The spray from the waterfall rises anywhere from 400 metres to 800 metres high and can be visible from as far as 50km away. During the day a daylight rainbow can be seen and during a full moon a moonbow can be seen in the spray. In the flood season the fine mist shoots upward like inverted rain especially at Zambia’s Knife- Edge Bridge. During the dry season the ground of the first gorge can be seen.

Victoria Falls – Largest Waterfalls:
Victoria Falls is about twice the height of the Niagra Falls in North America and well over double the width of the Horseshoe Falls. The only rival in height and width by South America’s Iguazu Falls.
The entire amount of the Zambezi river pours into the First Gorge. After this it enters a zigzag route of a course of gorges. Water entering the Second Gorge makes a clear right turn carving a deep pool called Boiling Point. It is about 150 metres across. It is named Boiling Point because although it’s surface is smooth and quiet at low water, it is full of angered turbulence at high water.

The Gorges of The Victoria Falls:
The First Gorge is the one that the Zambezi river falls into at Victoria Falls. The Second Gorge which is spanned by Victoria Falls Bridge is 2.15 km long. The Third Gorge is 1.95 km long and contains the Victoria Falls Power Station. The Fourth Gorge is 1.15 km south and 2.25 km long. The Fifth Gorge is 2.25km south and 3.2km long. The Songwe Gorge (called after the Songwe river) is 5.3km south and 3.3km long. The Batoka Gorge is about 120km long taking the river into the basalt plateau to the valley where Lake Kariba now lies.
The walls of the gorges are nearly vertical and approximately 120 metres high.

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